Long Title & Preamble

An Act to provide for and to regulate the converging communications and multimedia industries, and for incidental matters.

[1st April 1999 : except for sections 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 176, 178, 197 and 198 [P.U. (B) 128/99]; 1st April 2000 : sections 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 176 and 178 [P.U. (B) 106/2000]; 1st March 2002 : sections 197 and 198 [P.U. (B) 66/2002]]

BE IT ENACTED by the Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Along with the advice and consent of the Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

Section 1. Short title.

This Act may be cited as the

Communications and Multimedia Act 1998.

Section 2. Commencement.

This Act comes into operation on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette, and the Minister may appoint different dates for different provisions of this Act.

Section 3. Objects.

(1) The objects of this Act are�

(a) to promote national policy objectives for the communications and multimedia industry;

(b) to establish a licensing and regulatory framework in support of national policy objectives for the communications and multimedia industry;

(c) to establish the powers and functions for the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission; and

Section 4. Territorial and extra-territorial application.

(1) This Act and its subsidiary legislation apply both within and outside Malaysia.

(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), this Act and its subsidiary legislation shall apply to any person beyond the geographical limits of Malaysia and her territorial waters if such person�

(a) is a licensee under this Act; or

(b) provides relevant facilities or services under this Act in a place within Malaysia.

Section 5. Power of the Minister to exclude certain persons, geographical areas, etc.

Notwithstanding section 4, the Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, exclude or exempt any person or place, premises or geographical area of any description from the provisions of this Act.

Section 6. Interpretation.

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires�

“access” means access to a network facility or network service listed under Chapter 3 of Part VI;

“access code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under section 153;

“access device” means any card, plate, code, account number, electronic serial number, mobile identification number, personal identification number, or other network service, applications service or content applications service, equipment, or facility identifier, or other means of access that can be used, alone or in conjunction with another access device, for the purposes of any communications;

“access forum” means a forum designated under section 152;

“access list” means the list of facilities or services established under Chapter 3 of Part VI;

“agreement” means an agreement, whether formal or informal, oral or written, express or implied;

“apparatus assignment” means an assignment issued under section 164;

“Appeal Tribunal” means the Appeal Tribunal established under Part III;

“applications service” means a service provided by means of, but not solely by means of, one or more network services;

“applications service provider” means a person who provides an applications service;

“appointed date” means the date on which this Act comes into operation;

“arrangement” means an arrangement, whether formal or informal, oral or written, express or implied;

“assignment” means the assignment by the Commission of rights to use the spectrum, numbers or electronic addresses and may include conditions to which the exercise of those rights shall be subject;

“authorized interception” means interception by the licensee of any network facilities, network service or applications service permitted under section 265;

“authorized officer” means any public officer or officer appointed by the Commission and authorized in writing by the Minister for the purposes of this Act;

“certifying agency” means a certifying agency registered under section 186;

“class assignment” means an assignment issued under section 169;

“class license” means a license for any or all persons to conduct a specified activity and may include conditions to which the conduct of that activity shall be subject;

“communications” means any communication, whether between persons and persons, things and things, or persons and things, in the form of sound, data, text, visual images, signals or any other form or any combination of those forms;

“communications market” means an economic market for a network service, or an applications service, or for goods or services used in conjunction with a network service or an applications service, or for access to facilities used in conjunction with either a network service or an applications service;

“Commission” means the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission established under the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission Act 1998 [Act 589];

“conduit” means�

(a) any conduit which, whether or not it is itself an electric line, is maintained by an electricity company for the purpose of enclosing, surrounding or supporting such line, including, where such conduit is connected to any box, chamber or other structure (including a building) maintained by an electricity supply company for purposes connected with the conveyance, transmission or distribution of electricity, that box, chamber or structure;

(b) a water main or any other conduit maintained by a water authority for the purpose of conveying water from one place to another;

(c) a public sewer;

(d) a culvert or water course; or

(e) any other underground facility for carrying, enclosing, surrounding or supporting any network facilities;

“consumer code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under Chapter 1 of Part VIII;

“consumer forum” means a forum designated under section 189;

“content” means any sound, text, still picture, moving picture or other audio-visual representation, tactile representation or any combination of the preceding which is capable of being created, manipulated, stored, retrieved or communicated electronically;

“content applications service” means an applications service which provides content;

“content code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under Chapter 2 of Part IX;

“content forum” means a forum designated under section 212;

“court” means a court of law of competent jurisdiction;

“customer equipment” means any equipment, whether hardware or software, or device, used on the customer side of the network boundary;

“data processing device” means any article or device from which information is capable of being reproduced, with or without the aid of any other article or device;

“declaration” means a declaration made by the Minister under section 13;

“determination” means a determination made by the Minister under section 10, or by the Commission under section 55;

“direction” means a direction issued by the Minister under section 7, or by the Commission under section 51;

“director” has the meaning given to it in the Companies Act 1965 [Act 125];

“disaster plan” means a disaster plan which may be developed in accordance with section 267;

“frequency band” means a continuous frequency range of spectrum;

“incidental content” means a content which is incidental to the supply of an applications service because of�

(a) it being related solely to the interface between an applications service and an end user; or

(b) the reasons set out in a Ministerial determination made under section 10;
“individual license” means a license for a specified person to conduct a specified activity and may include conditions to which the conduct of that activity shall be subject;

“industry forum” means a forum designated under section 94;

“instrument” includes a direction, determination or declaration;

“intercept” means the aural or other acquisition of the contents of any communications through the use of any electronic, mechanical, or other equipment, device or apparatus;

“interception capability” means the capability of any network facilities or network service or applications service to intercept communications under section 265;

“licensee” means a person who either holds an individual license, or undertakes activities which are subject to a class license, granted under this Act;

“limited content applications service” means a content applications service the appeal of which is limited because of�

(a) it being targeted to a special interest group;

(b) it being available in a restricted geographical area;

(c) it being available for a short time;

(d) it being based on content of limited appeal; or

(e) the reasons set out in a Ministerial determination made under section 10;
“mail” includes the postal service;

“mandatory standard” means a mandatory standard established under Chapter 10 of Part V;

“Minister” means the Minister for the time being charged with the responsibility for communications and multimedia;

“multimedia information and content” means digitized content;

“network boundary” means the network boundary provided under section 128;

“network facilities” means any element or combination of elements of physical infrastructure used principally for, or in connection
with, the provision of network services, but does not include customer equipment;

“network facilities provider” means a person who owns or provides any network facilities;

“network service” means a service for carrying communications by means of guided and/or unguided electromagnetic radiation;

“network service provider” means a person who provides network services;

“nominated facilities provider” means a person, other than the owner of the network facilities, declared by the Minister to be a nominated facilities provider;

“number” means a number, letter or symbol;

“numbering and electronic addressing plan” means the numbering and electronic addressing plan developed under section 180;

“owner” means the legal or beneficial owner;

“post” means a post, pole, tower, standard, stay, strut or other above-ground facility for carrying, suspending or supporting any network facilities;

“public utility” means a body that provides to the public�

(a) reticulated products or services, such as electricity, gas, water, sewerage or drainage;

(b) telecommunications services;

(c) transport services; or

(d) a product or service of a kind that is similar to a product or service covered by paragraph (a), (b) or (c);

“register” means any one of the registers established or maintained by the Commission for the purposes of this Act;

“register of opinions” means the register of opinions maintained under section 97 or 210, or any
other relevant section;

“required applications service” means an applications service which is in a list determined by the
Minister under section 192;

“spectrum” means the continuous range of electromagnetic wave frequencies up to and including a frequency of 420 terahertz;

“spectrum assignment” means the assignment issued under section 159;

“spectrum plan” means the spectrum plan developed under section 172;

“technical code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under Chapter 3 of Part VII;

“technical standards forum” means a forum designated under section 184;

“transmit” or “transmission” means to cause any emission of unguided electromagnetic energy in any part of the spectrum;

“voluntary industry code” means a voluntary industry code prepared under Chapter 9 of Part V.

Act 562

DIGITAL SIGNATURE ACT 1997

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

An Act to make provision for, and to regulate the use of, digital signatures and to prowide for matters connected therewith.

BE IT ENACTED by the Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong with the advice and consent of the Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

PART I

PRELIMINARY

This Act may be cited as the Digital Signature Act 1997 and shall come into force on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette, and the Minister may appoint different dates for different provisions of this Act.

1. (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-
   “accept a certificate” means-

(a) to manifest approval of a certificate, while knowing or having notice of its contents; or

(b) to apply to a licensed certification authority for a certificate, without revoking the application by delivering notice of the revocation to the licensed certification authority, and obtaining a signed, written receipt from the licensed certification authority, if the licensed certification authority subsequently issues a certificate based on the application;

“asymmetric cryptosystem” means an algorithm or series of algorithms which provide a secure key pair;

“authorised officer” means an officer authorised under section 75;

“certificate” means a computer-based record which-

(a) identifies the certification authority issuing it;

(b) names or identifies its subscriber;

(c) contains the subscriber’s public key; and

(d) is digitally signed by the certification authority issuing it;

“certification authority” means a person who issues a certificate;

“certification authority disclosure record” means an on-line and publicly  accessible record which concerns a licensed certification authority which is kept by the Controller under subsection 3(5);

“certification practice statement” means a declaration of the practices which a certification authority employs in issuing certificates generally, or employed in issuing a particular certificate;

“certify” means to declare with reference to a certificate, with ample opportunity to reflect, and with a duty to apprise oneself of all material facts;

“confirm” means to ascertain through diligent inquiry and investigation;

“Controller” means the Controller of Certification Authorities appointed under section 3;

“correspond”, with reference to keys, means to belong to the same key pair;

“digital signature” means a transformation of a message using an asymmetric cryptosystem such that a person having the initial message and the signer’s public key can accurately determine-

(a) whether the transformation was created using the private key that corresponds to the signer’s public key; and

(b) whether the message has been altered since the transformation was made;

“forge a digital signature” means-

(a) to create a digital signature without the authorisation of the rightful holder of the private key; or

(b) to create a digital signature verifiable by a certificate listing as subscriber a person who either does not exist or does not hold the private key corresponding to the public key listed in the certificate;

“hold a private key” means to be able to utilise a private key;

“incorporale by reference” means to make one message a part of another message by identifying the message to be incorporated and expressing the intention that it be incorporated;

“issue a certificate” means the act of a certification authority in creating a certificate and notifying the subscriber listed in the certificate of the contents of the certificate;

“key pair” means a private key and its corresponding public key in an asymmetric cryptosystem, where the public key can verify a digital signature that the private key creates;

“licensed certification authority” means a certification authority to whom a licence has been issued by the Controller and whose licence is in effect;

“message” means a digital representation of information;

“notify” means to communicate a fact to another person in a manner reasonably likely under the circumstances to impart knowledge of the information to the other person;

“person” means a natural person or a body of persons, corporate or unincorporate, capable of signing a document, either legally or as a matter of fact;

“prescribed” means prescribed by or under this Act or any regulations made under this Act;

“private key” means the key of a key pair used to create a digital signature;

“public key” means the key of a key pair used to verify a digital signature;

“publish” means to record or file in a repository;

“qualified certification authority” means a certification authority that satisfies the requirements under section 5;

“recipient” means a person who receives or has a digital signature and is in a position to rely on it;

“recognised date/time stamp service” means a date/ time Stamp service recognised by the Controller under section 70;

“recognised repository” means a repository recognised by the Controlleunder section 68;

“recommended reliance limit” means the monetary amount recommended for reliance on a certificate under section 60;

“repository” means a system for storing and retrieving certificates and other information relevant to digital signatures;

“revoke a certificate” means to make a certificate ineffective permanently from a specified time forward;

“rightfully hold a private key” means to be able to utilise a private key-

(a) which the holder or the holder’s agents have not disclosed to any person in contravention of this Act; and

(b) which the holder has not obtained through theft, deceit, eavesdropping or other unlawful means;

“subscriber” means a person who-

(a) is the subject listed in a certificate;

(b) accepts the certificate; and

(c) holds a private key which corresponds to a public key listed in that certificate;

“suspend a certificate” means to make a certificate incffective temporarily for a specified time forward;

“this Act” includes any regulations made under this Act;

“time-stamp” means-

(a) to append or attach to a message, digital signature or certificate a digitally signed notation indicating at least the date, time and identity of the person appending or attaching the notation; or

(b) the notation so appended or attached;

“transactional certificate” means a certificate, incorporating by reference one or more digital signatures, issued and valid for a specific transaction;

“trustworthy system” means computer hardware and software which-

(a) are reasonably secure from intrusion and misuse;

(b) provide a reasonable level of availability, reliability and correct operation; and

(c) are reasonably suited to performing their intended iunctions;

“valid certificate” means a certificate which-

(a) a licensed certification authority has issued;

(b) has been accepted by the subscriber listed in it;

(c) has not been revoked or suspended; and

(d) has not expired:

Provided that a transactional certificate is a valid certificate only in relation to the digital signature incorporated in it by reference;

“verify a digital signature” means, in relation to a given digital signature, message and public key, to determine accurately that-

(a) the digital signature was created by the private key corresponding to the public key; and

(b) the message has not been altered since its digital signature was created;

“writing” or “written” includes any handwriting, typewriting, ptinting, electronic storage or transmission, or any other method of recording information or fixing information in a form capable of being preserved.

(2) For the purposes of this Act, a certificate shall be revoked by making a notation to that effect on the certificate or by including the certificate in a set of revoked certificates.

(3) The revocation of a certificate does not mean that it is destroyed or made illegible.

PART II

CONTROLLER OF CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES AND THE LICENSING OF CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES

An Act to provide for offences relating to the misuse of computers.

BE IT ENACTED by the Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong with the advice and consent of the Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

PART I

PRELIMINARY

1 (1) This Act may be cited as the Computer Crimes Act 1997.

(2) This Act shall come into force on such date as the Prime Minister may, by

notification in the Gazette, appoint.

2. (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires -

“computer” means an electronic, magnetic, optical, electrochemical, or other data processing device, or a group of such interconnected or related devices, performing logical, arithmetic, storage and display functions, and includes any data storage facility or communications facility directly related to or operating in conjunction with such device or group of such interconnected or related devices, but does not include an automated typewriter or typesetter, or a portable hand held calculator or other similar device which is non-programmable or which does not contain any data storage facility;

“computer network” means the interconnection of communication lines and circuits with a computer or a complex consisting of two or more interconnected computers;

“computer output” or “output” means a statement or a representation whether in written, printed, pictorial, film, graphical, acoustic or other form -

a) produced by a computer;

b) displayed on the screen of a computer; or

c) accurately translated from a statement or representation so produced;

“data” means representations of information or of concepts that are being prepared or have been prepared in a form suitable for use in a computer;

“function” includes logic, control, arithmetic, deletion, storage and retrieval and communication or telecommunication to, from or within a computer;

“premises” includes land, buildings, movable structures and any conveyance by land, water and air;

“program” means data representing instructions or statements that, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform a function.

(2) For the purposes of this Act, a person secures access to any program or data held in a computer if, by causing a computer to perform any function, he -

(a) alters or erases the program or data;

(b) copies or moves it to any storage medium other than that in which it is held or to a different location in the storage medium in which it is held;

(c) uses it; or

(d) causes it to be output from the computer in which it is held whether by having it displayed or in any other manner,

and references to access to a program or data and to an intent to secure such access shall be construed accordingly.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(c), a person uses a program if the function he causes the computer to perform -

(a)causes the program to be executed; or

(b) is itself a function of the program.

(4) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(d), the form in which any program or data is output and in particular whether or not it represents a form in which, in the case of a program, it is capable of being executed or, in the case of data, it is capable of being processed by a computer is immaterial.

(5) For the purposes of this Act, access of any kind by any person to any program or data held in a computer is unauthorised if -

(a) he is not himself entitled to control access of the kind in question to the program or data; and

(b) he does not have consent or exceeds any right or consent to access by him of the kind in question to the program or data from any person who is so entitled.

(6) A reference in this Act to any program or data held in a computer includes a reference to any program or data held in any removable storage medium which is for the time being in the computer.

(7) For the purposes of this Act, a modification of the contents of any computer takes place if, by the operation of any function of the computer concerned or any other computer -

(a) any program or data held in the computer concerned is altered or erased;

(b) any program or data is introduced or added to its contents; or

(c) any event occurs which impairs the normal operation of any computer, and any act that contributes towards causing such a modification shall be regarded as causing it.

(8) Any modification referred to in subsection (7) is unauthorised if -

(a) the person whose act causes it is not himself entitled to determine whether the modification should be made; and

(b) he does not have consent to the modification from any person who is so entitled.

(9) A reference in this Act to a program includes a reference to part of a program.

(10) A reference in this Act to a computer includes a reference to a computer network.

PART II

OFFENCES

3 (1) A person shall be guilty of an offence if -

(a) he causes a computer to perform any function with intent to secure access to any program or data held in any computer;

(b) the access he intends to secure is unauthorised; and

(c) he knows at the time when he causes the computer to perform the function that that is the case.

(2) The intent a person has to have to commit an offence under this section need not

be directed at -

(a) any particular program or data;

(b) a program or data of any particular kind; or

(c) a program or data held in any particular computer.

A person guilty of an offence under this section shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.

4. (1) A person shall be guilty of an offence under this section if he commits an offence referred to in commit or facilitatesection 3 with intent -

(a) to commit an offence involving fraud or dishonesty or which causes injury as defined in the Penal Code; or

(b) to facilitate the commission of such an offence whether by himself or by any other person.

(2) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the offence to which this section applies is to be committed at the same time when the unauthorised access is secured or on any future occasion.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred and fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years or to both.

5. (1) A person shall be guilty of an offence if he modification of the contentsdoes any act which he knows will cause unauthorised of any computer.modification of the contents of any computer.

(2) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial that the act in question is not directed at -

(a) any particular program or data;

(b) a program or data of any kind; or

(c) a program or data held in any particular computer.

(3) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether an unauthorized modification is, or is intended to be, permanent or merely temporary.

(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years or to both; or be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred and fifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years or to both, if the act is done with the intention of causing injury as defined in the Penal Code.

6. (1) A person shall be guilty of an offence if he communication.communicates directly or indirectly a number, code, password or other means of access to a computer to any person other than a person to whom he is duly authorised to communicate.

(2) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty five thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both.

7. (1) A person who abets the commission of or who attempts. to commit any offence under this Act shall be guilty of that offence and shall on conviction be liable to the punishment provided for the offence.

(2) A person who does any act preparatory to or in furtherance of the commission of any offence under this Act shall be guilty of that offence and shall on conviction be liable to the punishment provided for the offence:

Provided that any term of imprisonment imposed shall not exceed one-half of the maximum term provided for the offence.

8. A person who has in his custody or control any program, data or other information which is held in any computer or retrieved from any computer which he is not authorised to have in his custody or control shall be deemed to have obtained unauthorised access to such program, data or information unless the contrary is proved.

PART III

ANCILLARY AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

9. (1) The provisions of this Act shall, in relation to any person, whatever his nationality or.citizenship, have effect outside as well as within Malaysia, and where an offence under this Act is committed by any person in any place outside Malaysia, he may be dealt with in respect of such offence as if it was committed at any place within Malaysia.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), this Act shall apply if, for the offence in question, the computer, program or data was in Malaysia or capable of being connected to or sent to or used by or with a computer in Malaysia at the material time.

(3) Any proceeding against any person under this section which would be a bar to subsequent proceedings against such person for the same offence if such offence was committed in Malaysia shall be a bar to further proceedings against him under any written law relating to the extradition of persons, in respect of the same offence outside Malaysia.

10. (1) Whenever it appears to any Magistrate upon search, seizureand arrest.information and after such inquiry as he thinks necessary that there is reasonable cause to believe that in any premises there is evidence of the commission of an offence under this Act, he may, by warrant directed to any police officer of or above the rank of Inspector, empower the officer to enter the premises, by force if necessary, and there to search for, seize and detain any such evidence and he shall be entitled to -

(a) have access to any program or data held in any computer, or have access to, inspect or check the operation of, any computer and any associated apparatus or material which he has reasonable cause to suspect is or has been in use in connection with any offence under this Act;

(b) require -

(i) the person by whom or on whose behalf the police officer has reasonable cause to suspect the computer is or has been so used; or

(ii) any person having charge of or otherwise concerned with the operation of, the computer, apparatus or material, to provide him with such reasonable assistance as he may require for the purposes of paragraph (a); and

(c) require any information contained in a computer and accessible from the premises to be produced in a form in which it can be taken away and in which it is visible and legible.

(2) Whenever it appears to any police officer of or above the rank of Inspector that there is reasonable cause to believe that in any premises there is concealed or deposited any evidence of the commission of an offence under this Act, and the police officer has reasonable grounds for believing that by reason of the delay in obtaining a search warrant the object of the search is likely to be frustrated, he may exercise in and in respect of the premises all the powers mentioned in subsection (1) in as full and ample a measure as if he were empowered to do so by warrant issued under that subsection.

(3) Any police officer may arrest without a warrant any person whom he reasonably believes to have committed or to be committing an offence against this Act, and every offence against this Act shall be deemed to be seizable offence for the purposes of the law for the time being in force relating to criminal procedure.

11. (1) A person shall be guilty of an offence if he of.-

(a) assaults, obstructs, hinders or delay any police officer in effecting entrance to any premises under this Act or in the execution of any duty imposed or power conferred by this Act; or

(b) fails to comply with any lawful demands of a police officer acting in the execution of his duty under this Act.

(2) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty five thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both.

12. A prosecution under this Act shall not be instituted except by or with the consent of the Public Prosecutor in writing.

EXPLANATORY STATEMENT

1. This Bill seeks to make provisions for offences relating to misuse of computers.

2. Part I of the Bill contains preliminary matters.

Clause 1 deals with the short title and commencement.

Clause 2 seeks to define certain words and expressions used in the Bill.

3. Part II deals with offences relating to misuse of computers.

Clause 3 seeks to make it an offence for any person to cause any computer to perform any function with intent to secure unauthorised access to any computer material.

Clause 4 seeks to make it a further offence if any person who commits an offence referred to in clause 3 with intent to commit fraud, dishonesty or to cause injury as defined in the Penal Code.

Clause 5 seeks to make it an offence for any person to cause unauthorized modifications of the contents of any computer.

Clause 6 seeks to provide for the offence and punishment for wrongful communication of a number, code, password or other means of access to a computer.

Clause 7 seeks to provide for offences and punishment for abetments and attempts in the commmission of offences referred to in clauses 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this Bill.

Clause 8 seeks to create a statutory presumption that any person having custody or control of any program, data or other information when he is not authorised to have it will be deemed to have obtained unauthorised access unless it is proven otherwise.

Part III deals with ancillary and general provisions.

Clause 9 deals with the territorial scope of offences under the Act.

Clause 10 seeks to provide for the power of the police relating to search, seizure and arrest for the purposes of investigation.

Clause 11 seeks to provide for the offences and punishment for obstructing a police officer from discharging his duties.

Clause 12 deals with the need to obtain the consent in writing of the Public Prosecutor to institute prosecution.

FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS

This Bill will not involve the Government in any extra financial expenditure.

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